Colors

Unit 3
custom colors

Up to now we have been limited to the 13 basic colors of java.
There are SO many more RGB colors available.

RGB stands for (red green blue).

Every color on the computer is made by some red, some green and some blue with levels from 0 - 255
(in hexadecimals this is 0 - FF )- web pages use the same colors but as hexadecimals. Java uses the decimal version of each number.

For example, red is (255, 0, 0) , green is (0, 255, 0), and blue is (0, 0, 255).

Black is (0, 0, 0), and white is (255, 255, 255).

Lower numbers produce darker colors, whereas higher numbers produce brighter colors.

In theory, there are 256 * 256* 256 colors ( or about 16.7 million colors) but our eyes and these monitors can't really see the difference between most of them.

Many colors have HTML names attached to them. Here are some of those.

The numbers under each name are needed for us to get that particular color. Continue below the color swatches

aliceblue 240,248,255	darkslategray 47,79,79	lightsalmon 255,160,122	paleviolet 219,112,147	papayawhip 255,239,213
antiquewhite 250,235,215	darkturquoise 0,206,209	lightseagreen 32,178,170	pink 255,192,203	plum 221,160,221
wheat 245,222,179	darkviolet 148,0,211	lightskyblue 135,206,250	peachpuff 255,239,213	powderblue 176,224,230
aquamarine 127,255,212	deeppink 255,20,147	lightslategray 119,136,153	peru 205,133,63	saddlebrown 139,69,19
azure 240,255,255	deepskyblue 0,191,255	lightsteelblue 176,196,222	purple 128,0,128	rosybrown 188,143,143
beige 245,245,220	dimgray 105,105,105	lightyellow 255,255,224	royalblue 65,105,225	salmon 250,128,114
bisque 255,228,196	dodgerblue 30,144,255	lightgreen 144,238,144	sandybrown 244,164,96	seagreen 46,139,87
darksalmon 233,150,122	firebrick 178,34,34	limegreen 50,205,50	silver 192,192,192	yellowgreen 154,205,50
blanchedalmond 255,255,205	mediumaquamarine 102,205,170	linen 250,240,230	lightgoldenrodyellow 250,250,210	paleturquoise 175,238,238
orchid 218,112,214	forestgreen 34,139,34	palegreen 152,251,152	lightpink 255,182,193	darkslateblue 72,61,139
blueviolet 138,43,226	darkseagreen 143,188,143	maroon 128,0,0	burlywood 222,184,135	brown 165,42,42
cadetblue 95,158,160	gold 255,215,0	mediumorchid 186,85,211	chartreuse 127,255,0	mediumblue 0,0,205
chocolate 210,105,30	gray 128,128,128	mediumpurple 147,112,219	seashell 255,245,238	goldenrod 218,165,32
coral 255,127,80	green 0,128,0	mediumslateblue 123,104,238	sienna 160,82,45	mediumseagreen 60,179,113
cornflowerblue 100,149,237	greenyellow 173,255,47	palegoldenrod 238,232,170	indianred 205,92,92	midnightblue 25,25,112
crimson 220,20,60	hotpink 255,105,180	mediumvioletred 199,21,133	slateblue 106,90,205	slategray 112,128,144
darkcyan 0,139,139	ivory 255,240,240	mistyrose 255,228,225	springgreen 0,255,127	darkblue 0,0,139
darkgoldenrod 184,134,11	khaki 240,230,140	moccasin 255,228,181	steelblue 70,130,180	mediumspringgreen 0,250,154
darkgray 169,169,169	lavender 230,230,250	mediumturquoise 72,209,204	skyblue 135,206,235	indigo 75,0,130
darkgreen 0,100,0	tan 210,180,140	navy 0,0,128	teal 0,128,128	navajowhite 255,222,173
darkmagenta 139,0,139	thistle 216,191,216	olive 128,128,0	tomato 253,99,71	darkkhaki 189,183,107
darkolivegreen 85,107,47	lighblue 173,216,230	olivedrab 107,142,35	turquoise 64,224,208	lawngreen 124,252,0
darkorange 255,140,0	lightcoral 240,128,128	orange 255,165,0	violet 238,130,238	darkred 139,0,0
darkorchid 153,50,204	lightcyan 224,255,255	orangered 255,69,0	wheat 245,222,179	lightgrey 211,211,211

There are two ways that you can use these colors.

Copy and run this program.

After you have see it. Unblock the /* */ to see how to get shades. We can go brighter and darker easily, but this does not work well with the built-in colors. They may already be as dark or as bright as possible.

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Lab3colors extends JFrame
{
//variables

JButton b1, b2,b3,b4,b5,b6;
JLabel L1, L2, L3;

public Lab3colors ()
{
  super("colors");
  Container container = getContentPane();
  container.setLayout(new GridLayout(12,1));
  setSize(400,300); //Set Size of Window

// create objects
  L1 = new JLabel(" Here are 3 samples of new colors ");

b1 = new JButton("coral ");
b1.setBackground(new Color ( 255,127,80));

  b2= new JButton(" steelblue");
b2.setBackground(new Color ( 70,130,180));

  b3 = new JButton("indigo");
  b3.setForeground(Color.white);
  b3.setBackground(new Color ( 75,0,130));

//add to the window container
container.add(L1);
   container.add(b1);
   container.add(b2);
   container.add(b3);

/*
   L2 = new JLabel("a color with a brighter and darker version");

   b4 = new JButton("brighter mauve ");
   b4.setBackground(new Color ( 128, 100, 128).brighter());

   b5= new JButton("mauve");
   b5.setBackground(new Color ( 128, 100, 128));

   b6 = new JButton("darker mauve ");
       b6.setBackground(new Color ( 128, 100, 128).darker());

    container.add(L2);
   container.add(b4);
   container.add(b5);
   container.add(b6);

*/

setVisible(true);//Make Window Visible
}

public static void main(String args[])
{
  Lab3colors prog = new Lab3colors ();
  prog.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
   }
}

There are times when we are using a new color many times. This an optional way to use custom colors

It is useful to declare that color as a constant. Add these parts in the appropriate area and try it.

1. Add this to the variable declaration section

JButton b10, b11, b12;
Color ORCHID = new Color(218,112,214);
Color SKYBLUE = new Color(135,206,235);
Color OLIVE = new Color(128,128,0);

2. Add these after the unblocked section

L3 = new JLabel("Colors as constants");

b10= new JButton("Orchid");
b10.setBackground(ORCHID);

b11= new JButton("sky blue");
b11.setBackground(SKYBLUE);

b12= new JButton("olive");
b12.setBackground(OLIVE);

container.add(L3);
container.add(b10);
container.add(b11);
container.add(b12);

This sliding rule will give you an idea of exactly how many colors are available. To use a color, you will need to copy the numbers into your program

Assignment
It is not necessary to change any of the Lab names.
If you want to, add the word new to the title: example Lab3a2 becomes Lab3a2new

Open Lab3a2 ( red, white, and blue) add setFonts to the 3 JLabel- pick 3 different fonts - increase window size if you need to - all JLabels must be on the same line. Here is my sample. Use custom colors if you want to.

Open Lab3a3,
      1. Add a custom color to the background
      2. Change the foreground of the JLabels to 2 different custom colors.
      3. Make all the JLabels a bold font of your choice.
Increase window size if you need to.

Open Lab3b3 - remember we are using this again - make it "nice"
    1. Add a custom colors to JLabels and or JTextfields.
    2. Change title JLabels text to a bold font,
    3. Change other 4 JLabels text to the same font not bold, and maybe one size smaller
    4. Change the JTextFields to one font.
Increase window size by a little if you need to.